The Kaminoans are obsessed with order and control over variables, and carefully monitored the developing clones for any deviance in biochemistry. These statistical anomalies were smoothed over under the supervision of Kaminoan Chief Scientist Ko Sai through extra conditioning. The Kaminoans reconditioned an average of seven aberrant clones for every two hundred clones.

Mature clones resembled Jango Fett as he was in his 20s, with slight deviations that were a byproduct of accelerated growth in a sterile environment. Fett resided on Kamino, offering his martial expertise and advice in the training of his duplicates. During this period, the Kaminoans developed the ARC troopers, special forces with less docility tampering than the standard clones of the line. From these ranks arose the ARC trooper known as Alpha. Distinguishing himself in combat, Alpha returned to Kamino to train future clone soldiers.Alpha drilled classes of clone commanders in combat techniques that emphasized beyond-the-manual improvisation and individuality.

 Though some Kaminoans bristled at the idea, Alpha's training program began to reward commanders by officially acknowledging their individualism with the gift of proper names. Clone troopers typically refer to each other by their identification numbers. In small groups and under close quarters conditions, they commonly refer to each other using only the last two digits of their ID number. The use of individualized nicknames was known to occur on the battlefield, but the Kaminoans disparaged the asymmetry it introduced among their creations. At the behest of the Republic and the Jedi, the cloners put aside their dislike for Alpha's program that resulted in such notable named clone soldiers as Odd Ball, Cody, Bacara, Bly, Neyo, Appo, Fox and Gree.

The first series of clone trooper armor (designated Phase I armor) consisted of 20 form-fitting plastoid-alloy composite plates sealed to a temperature-control body glove via magnatomic gription panels. Jango Fett's Mandalorian heritage influenced the design of the armor, as seen in the t-shaped visor plate. The Kaminoans aesthetic influence is also visible, in its stark coloration and detailing. As the Kaminoans are not fully versed in human ergonomics, the armor was uncomfortable to sit in, though future generations of the suit corrected this flaw. The clone trooper helmet includes a comlink and enhanced breath filter for combat in hostile environments.

The unique clone trooper identification number is embedded in each clone's DNA. The clones themselves have no physical markings indicating their unique identities. A special scanner incorporated into the clone trooper helmet identifies the trooper and this info is displayed on a tiny LED viewscreen incorporated in the back of the helmet. The information displayed on the helmet can also be transmitted to a central location so that combat commanders can "track" a battle.

With the exact same genome copied thousands of times across a battlefield, the use of clone infantry has been very beneficial to combat medicine. Treatment for clones is much easier compared to individuals of other species. The clones are all the same genome, so their body parts are literally interchangeable -- there is no worry about rejection syndrome, and many complicated procedures can be extensively standardized.

 Following the rise of the Empire, the military cloning program expanded to include new clone hosts. By the time of the Empire consolidated its power by dissolving the Senate, the ranks of the Imperial stormtroopers would include cloned infantry from multiple sources as well as birth-born conscripts and recruits from various worlds.